Bullying has always formed part of societal vices, especially among children, teenagers, and young adults. However, just as the world is evolving and strongly adopting technology and the internet, so has bullying evolved. The prevalence and mass adoption of the internet has unfortunately led to the rise of ‘online bullying’ or, popularly, cyberbullying.
Cyberbullying is a millennial problem that tends to be overlooked and underestimated by traditional society and the older generation. While some do not understand the act of cyberbullying, a few others are simply ignorant of its existence and resultant effect.
A research study by the University of British Columbia has asserted that more teenagers have experienced and engaged in cyberbullying than traditional bullying in recent years.
This article aims to provide strategies on how to stop cyberbullying and explore its impact.
What is Cyberbullying about?
The Journal of the American Medical Association provides a definition for cyberbullying as an intentional and aggressive behavior carried out by either an individual or a group through electronic means. This behavior is repeated over time and directed towards a victim who is unable to defend themselves easily.
While cyberbullying is often thought of as an act that is limited to children and teenagers, this is a misconception. Research studies and expert opinions reveal that adults can also be both victims and perpetrators of cyberbullying and online harassment.
We define cyberbullying as any abusive act against someone or a group of people done online. This leaves us with the question of What Constitutes an Abusive act or Cyberbullying.
Forms of cyberbullying
According to a report by Pew Research, cyberbullying is increasing, with more cases being documented over the years. The report states that about half of all teenagers in the United States have experienced one or multiple forms of cyberbullying. In specific cases, such as girls between the ages of 15 to 17, over 53% of them have been bullied online. This increase in cyberbullying has resulted in a rise in mental and emotional instability among children.
So, how do we prevent cyberbullying? We will answer this question shortly; let’s begin by briefly discussing the various forms of it.
- Harassment
Harassment is one of the most popular and most threatening forms of cyberbullying. It is majorly manifested through sending abusive and threatening messages to the victim. The Pew Research Study on cyberbullying declares that 4 out of every ten people are victims of online harassment.
- Cyberstalking
Cyberstalking is the act of using the internet to stalk or follow another person or a group of people in an annoying and harassing manner. Cyberstalking is an offshoot of online harassment; some people classify it under online harassment. In Canada, cyberstalking is considered to be a form of criminal harassment.
- Fraping/ Impersonation
Fraping is the criminal act of hijacking another’s social networking account and posting inappropriate content to mislead the online community into believing that the real owner made the post. It could also be used as an avenue to defraud the victim’s family and friends.
- Flaming
This can also be classified as a form of online harassment. Flaming involves the exchange of provoking, vulgar, or aggressive messages and images online. It is also referred to as an ‘online fight’ or drama.
- Exclusion
Exclusion is the hurtful and deliberate act of excluding or leaving out a person from online events or groups in which they have a full or equitable right to participate. Exclusion is sometimes disregarded as ‘nothing too serious’; however, its potential for psychological and emotional harm can be overwhelming.
- Dissing
Dissing involves posting or publishing cruel and spiteful information about a person online to tarnish such a person’s reputation. The posted information may be true or false; however, if it is done maliciously, then it is cyberbullying.
- Outing
Outing is when a cyberbully obtains private information about a person and posts it online without the person’s consent in a bid to cause embarrassment or hurt the victim. It could involve the public sharing of private pictures, videos, and documents, among other information. Outing is also referred to as Doxxing.
- Trolling
Trolling is a popular form of social media cyberbullying; It is passing sarcastic comments or using sarcastic language to address another person or group of people online. Trolling is a popular form of cyberbullying; everyone who comes online and on social media often has either been a victim, engaged in it, or witnessed it. Trolling is like an everyday occurrence on social media platforms.
- Doxing
This is a particularly malicious form of cyberbullying where someone reveals private or personal information about another person online, such as their home address, phone number, or financial details. The intention here is to harm or intimidate the victim.
- Fake profiles
Social media has been a major precursor of bullying, and “Fake profiles” seem to be one of the most rampant forms of social media bullying. Here, Cyberbullies and criminals often create fake profiles of non-existing or real people to mislead and deceive others. They use such profiles to perpetrate varying degrees of cybercrimes ranging from theft to fraud, sending abusive messages anonymously, or just to troll others. Their victims include specific targeted persons to a larger group of people.
- Computer and Phone Attacks
This is an act done by more technical cyberbullies and criminals. It is the intentional attempt to infect other people’s devices (smartphones or PCs) with viruses, malware, or spyware.
These are the major forms of cyberbullying; however, there are other forms that are downplayed or disregarded. No matter how inconsequential, any act done online that embarrasses, disregards, demeans, or hurts another person can pass as cyberbullying. Acts such as gossip, spreading false rumors, and even certain pranks can be classified as cyberbullying or harassment.
Some cyberbullies are ignorant of the fact that their actions constitute bullying, and that emphasizes the need for education, caution, and responsibility while interacting with other people online.
The effects of cyberbullying
The internet is inundated with stories of cyberbullying victims, some of whom become suicidal, leaving their horrible tales for their loved ones to share. Unfortunately, the effects of this vice don’t end with just the victim; sometimes, even perpetrators are not spared. According to a Pennsylvania State University study, cyberbullying targets report increased depressive affect, anxiety, loneliness, suicidal behavior, and somatic symptoms. Also, Perpetrators of cyberbullying are more likely to report increased substance use, aggression, and delinquent behaviors.
Beyond the results of the above-mentioned study, let’s see other effects of cyberbullying.
- Emotional distress and mental health impact: Cyberbullying can inflict severe emotional distress on victims. Constant harassment, humiliation, and the invasion of one’s online space can lead to anxiety, depression, and even suicidal thoughts. The anonymity factor can intensify the emotional pain, as victims often have no idea who is behind the attacks.
The story of Amanda Todd will always be remembered; she was a Canadian teenager who became a victim of cyberbullying and harassment. She posted a video on YouTube in 2012 detailing her struggles with bullying, both online and offline. The video went viral, drawing even more negative attention from bullies. Tragically, Amanda took her own life in October 2012, making her story a poignant reminder of the real-world impact of cyberbullying.
- Social isolation: Victims of cyberbullying may withdraw from social activities, both online and offline, to escape their tormentors. This isolation can exacerbate feelings of loneliness and depression, as victims may feel they have nowhere to turn for support.
- Academic and professional consequences: Cyberbullying can negatively impact a person’s performance at school or work. The emotional toll can lead to decreased concentration and motivation, resulting in lower grades or reduced productivity. Additionally, cyberbullying incidents that become public knowledge can damage one’s reputation, affecting future educational and career opportunities.
- Physical health implications: The stress and anxiety caused by cyberbullying can manifest physically. Victims may experience headaches, sleep disturbances, and even long-term health issues if the harassment continues unabated.
- Suicide: The effects of cyberbullying can be profound. Victims often experience emotional distress, anxiety, depression, and a sense of isolation. These negative feelings can escalate, and in some cases, they can lead to thoughts of suicide. Statistics have shown that cyber victims are twice as likely to attempt suicide. It’s crucial to understand that when someone reaches this point, they’re incredibly vulnerable.
- Low self-esteem: Studies have shown that 83% of young people admitted that bullying has a negative impact on their self-esteem. Cyberbullies often use hurtful comments, derogatory language, and personal attacks to degrade their victims publicly. These attacks can erode the victim’s self-esteem over time as they begin to internalize the negative messages.
- Cybersecurity concerns: In some cases, cyberbullying can escalate to hacking or doxxing, where personal information is exposed online. This not only intensifies the emotional distress but also poses a significant threat to personal safety and privacy.
How to stop cyberbullying
Preventing cyberbullying is a collective effort that involves individuals, parents, educators, and the platforms themselves. Here are some key steps to stop and prevent cyberbullying:
- Awareness is key:
The first step in addressing cyberbullying is raising awareness about the issue. Cyberbullying can take many forms, such as online harassment, spreading rumors, or sharing personal information without consent. By educating ourselves and others about what constitutes cyberbullying, we become better equipped to recognize it when it occurs.
- Encourage open communication:
We must create an environment where individuals, especially young people, feel safe discussing their online experiences with trusted adults. Encourage open communication with your children, friends, or colleagues about their online interactions. Make it clear that they can come to you for support without fear of judgment.
- Teach responsible digital citizenship and netiquette:
Promoting responsible online behavior is crucial in preventing cyberbullying. Teach digital citizenship, which includes respecting others’ privacy, not engaging in online harassment, and understanding the consequences of one’s actions online. Schools and parents can play a vital role in instilling these values in young people.
- Report and block:
When faced with cyberbullying, it’s important to know how to respond effectively. Encourage victims to report instances of cyberbullying to the relevant authorities or platforms. Most social media platforms have reporting mechanisms in place. Additionally, blocking the cyberbully can prevent further harassment.
- Support victims:
Victims of cyberbullying often experience feelings of isolation and despair. Offer your support by listening to their concerns and providing emotional assistance. Encourage them to seek help from professionals when necessary. Remember, you can make a difference by being there for someone in need.
- Foster empathy:
Empathy is a powerful tool in combating cyberbullying. Encourage empathy by discussing the consequences of hurtful actions and emphasizing the impact of cyberbullying on victims. Help individuals understand that their online words and actions affect real people with real feelings.
- Cyberbullying prevention programs:
Schools, communities, and organizations can implement prevention programs that educate students and the broader community about the dangers of cyberbullying. These programs often include workshops, discussions, and resources that promote online safety and respectful communication.
- Legal consequences:
Cyberbullying is not just a social issue; it can also have legal consequences. Laws and regulations vary by region, but in many places, cyberbullying is considered a crime. Ensuring that perpetrators face legal consequences can serve as a deterrent and protect potential victims.
- Lead by example:
As adults and role models, it’s crucial that we lead by example. Our online behavior sets the tone for those around us. Treat others with kindness and respect in your online interactions, and demonstrate the values you want to see in others.
Tips on how to prevent cyberbullying as a parent
Parents are often secondary victims when their children become victims of cyberbullying. They’ll have to ensure these victims get back on their feet and in worse cases, they deal with the grief. So, it’s crucial to get equipped with the knowledge and tools necessary to protect our children from this digital menace.
So, if you’re a parent seeking to learn how to stop cyberbullying, then this guide is for you.
- Educate about online etiquette: Educate your young ones about responsible online behavior, emphasizing that what they do and say online can have real-life consequences. Encourage them to treat others with respect and kindness, just as they would in person.
- Set boundaries and rules: Establish clear guidelines for screen time and online interactions. Define what websites and apps are appropriate and set time limits for device use. Make sure they understand the rules and consequences of breaking them.
- Be tech-savvy: Stay informed about the latest social media platforms, apps, and technologies your child is using. This knowledge will enable you to better monitor their online activity and recognize potential red flags.
- Monitor online activity: Keep an eye on your child’s online presence without invading their privacy. Consider using parental control software or apps to filter and track their online interactions, especially when they’re younger.
- Encourage reporting: Let your child know that they should report any cyberbullying incidents immediately. Assure them that they won’t get in trouble for confiding in you, and you’ll take the appropriate actions to address the situation.
- Teach resilience: Cyberbullying can be emotionally distressing. Teach your child how to cope with hurtful comments and encourage them to block or unfriend individuals who engage in negative behavior.
- Involve the school: If cyberbullying occurs within the school community, collaborate with teachers, counselors, and administrators to address the issue. Schools often have anti-bullying policies and resources to help.
- Seek professional help if necessary: If your child experiences severe emotional distress due to cyberbullying, don’t hesitate to seek professional counseling or therapy. A mental health expert can provide guidance and support.
Conclusion
A research survey indicated that about 38% of victims believe that schools, colleges, and Universities do not take bullying seriously.
Cyberbullying is a serious issue that deserves a more serious response from the relevant authorities and stakeholders, including governments, parents, and teachers. Thus, this is a clarion call for everyone to do their bit and take responsibility in the fight against cyberbullying.
Check out our other resource materials and articles on cyberbullying to guide you on how to protect your kids and prevent cyberbullies.